State Budget:
Legislature Misses Budget Deadline, Shows No Signs of Agreement

The state constitution's June 15 deadline for the Legislature to send a budget to the governor came and went without fanfare last week, while the budget conference committee continued its work.

The conference committee, made up of 10 members from the Assembly and Senate, was one week behind schedule and had been leaving many major items unresolved. Many of the budget items that have been approved by the committee have been approved on party-line votes, indicating that they will have a tough time gaining the two-thirds threshold needed to be approved on the floor of the Assembly and Senate.

From a practical standpoint, the apparent lack of progress has the effect of making the budget more difficult to balance. The governor has estimated the budget imbalance to be more than $19 billion for the remaining period of 2009-10 and the entire 2010-11 fiscal year (an estimate that assumes state spending will increase 14 percent from 2009-10 to 2010-11). If a new budget is not in place by the July 1 start of the new fiscal year, budget-balancing measures will have less time to work – budget cuts will not be in place for the full 12 months, nor will any revenue-enhancing measures be in effect for the entire 12 months.

Here are some of the issues discussed by the conference committee Thursday:

·         New BOE Border Inspection Positions Made Permanent. The committee adopted the governor's plan to make permanent 42.5 new positions at the Board of Equalization. The employees have been conducting border inspections in the city of Needles to determine if goods shipped into California are subject to state taxes.

·         Collection Costs Recovery Fee. The committee approved one new position to allow the BOE to impose a fee on non-compliant taxpayers for the cost of collecting delinquent taxes.

·         Increased Use Tax Collections. The committee discussed a Senate proposal that would require Internet retailers to report to the BOE sales information regarding out-of-state purchases by California residents, and would require Californians to report use tax to the state on their personal income tax returns. Assemblywoman Nancy Skinner suggested that California review the model used by New York in regard to use tax collections. New York's aggressive system is currently being litigated, and Senator Denise Ducheny, who chairs the conference committee, said she believes the lawsuit will be decided soon. She suggested that the committee leave the item open for discussion. Similar measures enacted in North Carolina and Rhode Island failed to bring in any new revenue.

·         Professional License Suspensions. The committee discussed whether the state should suspend the professional licenses of delinquent taxpayers, but did not approve or reject the idea.

Assemblyman Bob Blumenfield questioned why the Franchise Tax Board would want to suspend a license of someone when there may not be any nexus between the license and the taxes owed. FTB staff said that they considered the act of suspension fair, because it would be taken only as a last step.

Senator Ducheny suggested leaving the item open until language is crafted that would allow the state to suspend a professional's license for unpaid taxes, but also allow anyone who is employed by a delinquent taxpayer to remain unaffected by his or her employer's standing with the FTB.

·         Corporate Taxes: NOLs, Credit Sharing and Income Apportionment. The committee discussed – but took no action on – business incentives approved last year allowing employers to share credits, elect a single sales factor, or carry back or carry forward losses. The agenda item was left open for discussion at a later date, since there was little consensus among the committee's members.

The committee discussed both the Assembly and the Senate's approaches to delaying implementation of the business incentives. The Senate proposed delaying the legislation for two years, while the Assembly suggested suspending the incentives for three years. Also, the Senate recommended eliminating the option for employers to have a net operating loss carryback period.

Senator Bob Huff warned the committee that they were traveling down a road that would not be in good faith with legislators who cast budget votes in 2009. A number of the Republican legislators who approved the 2009 budget package, which included both business incentives and temporary tax increases, have faced criticism, recall elections and difficult re-elections due to their support for the budget.

Senator Huff also reminded the committee that businesses are looking three to five years down the road to determine if they should expand or do business in California, and by "reneging" on promises, the state would promote the belief that California is not friendly to business.

Senator Bob Dutton said the committee's discussion of the business incentives would be looked at by Capitol observers and the state's business community, and will impact future investment decisions. "What is said here will have a direct impact on what people are doing," he said. "People are watching this deciding what they are going to do. It is going to be an encouragement or a discouragement of what they are going to do."

·         Alcohol Tax Increase. The committee discussed a Senate proposal to increase alcohol taxes by $14 million. According to the legislative analyst, the additional funds would be used to fund services to combat alcoholism. Senator Alan Lowenthal asked what would be needed to change the alcohol tax increase into a "fee." Representatives of the Legislative Analyst's Office said that while anything can be crafted in a way to turn a tax into a "fee," they advised the Legislature that they would need to look at the matter further and that the Legislature should confer with the legislative counsel. The matter was left open.

In other conference committee activity last week:

·         Committee Considers Suspending Law That Requires Local Governments to Hold Open Meetings. On June 17, the committee discussed whether the Legislature should adopt the governor's budget plan to suspend the Brown Act, which was approved by the Legislature in 1953 to require locally elected officials to hold open and public meetings. According to staff, the state must reimburse local governments for the cost of developing a public meeting agenda and making that agenda available to the public. By suspending the program, the state claims that it would save $362,000 in 2010-11 and $16.5 million in 2012-13.

The original statute, named for author Assemblyman Ralph Brown, was designed to address rising concerns that local governments would meet informally and not provide the public with transparency. Since 1953, the state has amended the statute to provide taxpayers with more transparency, such as broadcasting or recording public meetings. Some of the later provisions furthering the Brown Act are "mandated costs" to local government, and must be reimbursed by the state.

One of the items discussed was that the state is paying local governments to develop and post their agendas for public meetings. Assemblywoman Skinner asked why the state was paying local governments to develop agendas. She stated that if a local government is going to hold a meeting, "an agenda is not optional." According to committee staff, prior to the Brown Act there was no formal requirement for local governments to notify the public with an official agenda.

Legislators expressed concern that if they suspend the program, Californians may not be able to hold their local governments accountable. However, the item was left open, with the idea other state laws may also require local governments to provide open meetings, which would allow the state to suspend the Brown Act.

·         UC Retirement System Contributions? Should the state, in the future, contribute to the University of California Retirement System? For the past 20 years, the UC Retirement System operated without any contributions from recipients, from UC or the state. Due to the economic downturn, budget conferees were told that the system will need funds equivalent to 20 percent of salary.

However, current state law prohibits the state from contributing to the UC Retirement System. Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger wants to repeal this statute so the state could make contributions in the future. Senator Dutton said this is opening "Pandora's box," as the state already faces a big unfunded pension liability. Senator Ducheny pointed out that the UC system negotiates pension benefits outside of state control.

Assemblywoman Skinner said the state saved $2 billion by not having to fund UC retirement, and urged repeal of the prohibition. Senator Jim Nielsen asked if repealing the pension prohibition was "pension reform," and the legislative analyst's staff said the repeal does not specifically have any reform elements.

This issue was left open.

·         Legislature Increases Funding for Program That No Longer Exists. Columnist Dan Walter of The Sacramento Bee pointed out several decisions made by the committee to approve funding for a program that doesn't exist. The committee approved appropriating $8.7 million to Charles Drew University, a private medical school in Los Angeles. Previously, the state provided funding to the university's hospital and residency program. However, since the hospital lost its accreditation, the program was ended. Mr. Walters pointed out that one of the hospital's administrators is Mervyn Dymally, a former legislator, lieutenant governor, and "one of California's most venerable political figures of the last century." Mr. Dymally recently came to Sacramento to lobby legislators for additional funding, and was successful. Mr. Walters writes: "Giving Drew $8.7 million just because it's gotten the money in the past, or just because a former legislative colleague lobbied for it, doesn't wash in an era of multibillion-dollar deficits, wholesale slaughter of basic services, and wrangling over whether taxes should be raised …"

In other budget-related news:

Attorney General Says Assembly Speaker's Plan Could Violate Proposition 58. In a legal opinion released June 15, Attorney General Jerry Brown's office opined that a major provision of Assembly Speaker John Pιrez's budget proposal could violate Proposition 58. "We conclude that a court could reasonably determine that the proposed transaction violates Proposition 58," the opinion states.

The speaker proposed securitizing the future revenue stream of regulatory fees paid into the Beverage Container Recycling Fund, and to put the money in a new "Jobs Fund" that would pay for a variety of general fund spending. The plan also calls for an oil severance tax to be enacted, with the revenue going into the Jobs Fund.

Proposition 58, approved by voters in 2004, prohibits future deficit financing, among other things. The attorney general's opinion notes that some of the Jobs Fund money likely would be used to make up for deficits in certain programs left over from the 2009-10 fiscal year.

Assembly Republican Leader Martin Garrick said the opinion "confirms what we have said all along – the Assembly Democrats' borrowing scheme is a lead zeppelin that's not going to fly." Mr. Garrick added: "Given that the centerpiece of the Assembly Democrats' Government Jobs budget has now been invalidated, it's time for them to start real negotiations with Republicans based on the governor's budget blueprint to close a $19.1 billion deficit."

Governor Negotiates State Employee Contracts That Include Pension Reform, Pay Raise. The governor and four state employee bargaining groups announced June 16 that they have agreed to new contracts that include pension reforms (employees hired after the contracts take effect will make higher contributions, will not be able to retire as early, and will have pensions based on the average salary for their three highest years, rather than their single highest year). The deals also include protection from being furloughed or having their pay reduced to the federal minimum wage when the state does not have a budget in place, and it includes a 5 percent "step raise" for employees who are at the top of the pay scale in their job classification for one year or more.

The contracts – which affect California Highway Patrol officers, firefighters, psychiatric technicians and social services workers – now must be approved by the Legislature and the employees represented by the bargaining groups. The deals cover approximately 23,000 of the state's 196,000 union-represented employees. (Source: The Sacramento Bee, June 17.)

State Employees' Retirement System Approves $600 Million Increase in State's Contribution. The California Public Employees' Retirement System board voted June 16 to increase the state's contribution to the system by $600 million a year, arguing that the money is needed to help the pension system recover from major investment losses in 2008-09. The Legislature and governor cannot stop the action, so the money will be taken out of the state's budget. The retirement system said the increased contribution will add about $87 million to the state's structural deficit, because much of the increase will be borne by special funds, not the general fund. (Source: The Sacramento Bee, June 16 and June 17.)

Supreme Court Accepts State Appeal of Courts Prison Inmate Reduction Mandate. The United States Supreme Court on July 14 agreed to hear the state's appeal of a federal court order to release 40,000 prisoners by December 2011. The issue has a far-reaching impact on future state budgets, as well as the safety of the people of California.

A three-judge federal panel ruled in August 2009 that reducing the number of inmates is the only way to improve medical and mental health care of inmates. According to Rachel Arrezola, a spokeswoman for the governor: "We continue to believe federal judges do not have the authority to order the early release of prisoners in our state. California should be able to take action on its own to keep its citizens safe without interference from the federal courts."

The suit was initiated by the Berkeley-based Prison Law Office. This law firm represents individual prisoners and engages in class-action lawsuits. (Source: Salinas Californian, June 15.)

Governor Reiterates Anti-Tax Stance. On June 18, Governor Schwarzenegger reiterated his anti-tax stance in a statement responding to a California Employment Development Department report showing that the state's unemployment rate decreased from 12.5 percent in April to 12.4 percent in May, and that non-farm payroll jobs increased by 28,300 during the month. The governor said:

"While the decline of our unemployment rate is welcome news, there are still far too many Californians out of work. To achieve a full recovery, there must be accelerated hiring in the private sector, and that's exactly why we must not burden California employers and consumers with higher taxes. Now is the time for government to be a partner to economic growth, not an obstacle to it. Just this week, Baxter's BioScience business announced it would continue investing in California because of the efforts of Los Angeles and my Administration to expand the East Los Angeles Enterprise Zone. These are the type of efforts we should focus on, and I encourage the legislature to consider this as they continue budget deliberations."

Cal-TaxReports, June 21, 2010

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